2. Language . The Tower Of Babel Is Symbolic Of The...

2. Language The Tower of Babel is symbolic of the fundamental differences between humans and gods. Humans are not meant to be completely self-sufficient as God is, they should look upon God for guidance in their life. This message was ignored in the construction of the tower in which the two main motivations were to gain fame and to build a city to preserve unity (Interpreter’s Concise Commentary, 17). Humans should never have the arrogance to try to become gods on earth through fame. Further, one should only preserve unity if that is God’s plan. Even this looming, powerful structure pales in comparison to the greatness that God can accomplish, i.e. Humans can never reach the awesomeness and power of God. 3. Author Genesis is composed†¦show more content†¦4. Intended Audience The intended audience for this pericope is clearly Jews during the Babylonian exile of 587 B.C.-538 B.C. This is seen in the setting of the story, the apocalyptic genre of the excerpt, and the detailed explanation of the building of the tower. This story is set in the land of Shinar (Genesis 11:2). Shinar is described as meaning Babylonia, the ancient state resting in the Tigris-Euphrates river basin. Further, within the state of Babylonia, was the northern city of Babylon. The setting of Babylon for this ancient tradition indicates a 6th century, exiled Jewish audience as it establishes a basis for an apocalyptic message about their exile. The detailed description of the brick making process and bitumen (Genesis 11:3) also indicates a Jewish audience. A Jewish audience would have been familiar with sun-dried bricks, with no archeological evidence of kiln-fired bricks at this time in Palestine (Walton, 163). Mesopotamia however used expensive bitumen almost exclusively with kiln-fired bricks (Walton, 163). Further these expensive building materials would have only been used for places, temples and other official buildings within a city (Walton, 163). The authors need to describe this practice indicates an audience new to this land and practice. Further, it’s important to note that the author didn’t feel the need to describe the actualShow MoreRelatedSummary of the Development of Anthropological Theory from the XIX century to the Present XXI century2646 Words   |  11 Pageswidely popular theory spanning from the Renaissance to the early nineteenth century. Degeneratism is â€Å"a biblical based explanation of cultural diversity†¦ [where] prior to the destruction of the Tower of Babel, all people belonged to God. When God destroyed the Tower, [it] created some differences in language and dispersed people, some degenerated, losing their civilization and event ually [some] became savages† (McGee, Warms, 2012). Recoveries from Greek and Roman artifacts seemingly supported aRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 PagesMohenjo-Daro in the Indus valley in present-day Pakistan. Does this figure seem to emphasize the features of a particular person or the attributes of a particular role? Hear the Audio for Chapter 1 at www.myhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a defining trait of human beings? EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TO ABOUT 1000 B.C.E. page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early MiddleRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Ennis Barrington. Rastafari : from outcasts to culture bearers / Ennis Barrington Edmonds. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us Read MoreNationalism and Transnationalism in the Context of the European Union28567 Words   |  115 PagesThe Cure at Troy Seamus Heaney, 1996 Table of Contents: Introduction 3 Structure and Methods 6 1. Nationalism: Definitions, Concepts and Theories 8 1.1. Defining Nation 9 1.2. Concepts and Theories of Nationalism 13 2. The New Europe: Nationalism reframed? 22 2.1. History and Ideology 23 2.2. The Emerge of the European Union 32 3. European Nationalism: Transnational Integration 36 3.1. International Relations perspectives 36 3.2. Nationalism and TransnationalismRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of Managing Change 121 121

An Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels Free Essays

string(29) " multiple layers of delight\." Executive Summary The primary objective of this report is to analyze the Taj Group of Hotels through the specific analysis of Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces), Taj Exotica  , Taj Safaris,  . Vivanta , The Gateway Hotel, Exotica Brand. The Taj Group of Hotels were selected to gain a learning of hotels in India from three different perspectives – that of a fast growing Indian hotel, , that of a formerly strong player trying to adapt to a changing market, and finally, that of an domestic hotel operating in India. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels or any similar topic only for you Order Now The analysis in the report is presented as follows: 1. Before delving into the individual study of Taj Group of Hotels , a brief history of its operations as well as its strategies is given to help the reader gain a better understanding of the background from which the hotel has developed. 2. This is followed by a SWOT Analysis, which gives specific information on the environment, challenges and opportunities the hotel is currently facing. 3. Next, special emphasis is laid on analyzing the hotel policies and environment related to its marketing environment through 5 C (Company, Customers, Collaborators, Competition, Context) Analysis, STP (Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning) Analysis, and the 4 P (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) Analysis. 4. After gaining an understanding on these aspects of the hotel, the anomalies in the marketing positioning or decisions taken in the past are presented. 5. Based on these anomalies and other learnings, the authors have presented a few recommendations to Taj Group of Hotels . The final section of the report consists of a comparison with other hotels on a variety of factors including positioning and targeting, different types of product and service offerings, channels of distribution etc. The authors believe that such comparisons would be useful to a reader who is trying to gain a better understanding of the competitive environment of the Indian hotel sectors, as well as of the relative performance of Taj Group of Hotels versus the others. Company Overview: Vision The Taj Group of Hotels commits itself to the overall improvement of the ecological environment Which we are all a part of. We recognize that we are not owners but caretakers of the Planet and owe it to our children and future generations of humankind. It is our endeavour not only to conserve and protect but also to renew and regenerate the environment in which we live and operate. Our commitment encompasses all actions related to our products, services, associates, partners, vendors and communities. We will partner and engage with our environment through. Earth Environmental Awareness and Renewal at Taj Hotels. For us EARTH is not a program, nor a process; it is a way of life. The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) and its subsidiaries are collectively known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces and is recognised as one of Asia’s largest and finest hotel company. Incorporated by the founder of the Tata Group, Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, the company opened its first property, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian hospitality, completed its centenary year in 2003. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces comprises 66 hotels in 42 locations across India with an additional 16 international hotels in the Maldives, Malaysia, Australia, UK, USA, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa and the middle east Spanning the length and breadth of the country, gracing important industrial towns and cities, beaches, hill stations, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife destinations, each Taj hotel offers the luxury of service, the apogee of Indian hospitality, vantage locations, modern amenities and business facilities. IHCL operate in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value segments of the market through the following: Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces) is our flagship brand for the world’s most discerning travellers seeking authentic experiences given that luxury is a way of life to which they are accustomed. Spanning world-renowned landmarks, modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges, each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to create unique experiences and lifelong memories. Taj also encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted in history and tradition that deliver truly unforgettable experiences. A collection of outstanding properties with strong heritage as hotels or palaces which offer something more than great physical product and exceptional service. This group is defined by the emotional and unique equity of its iconic properties that are authentic, non- replicable with great potential to create memories and stories. Taj Exotica  are resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world. The properties are defined by the privacy and intimacy they provide. The hotels are clearly differentiated by their product philosophy and service design. They are centred around high end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. They are defined by a sensibility of intimate design and by their varied and eclectic culinary experiences, impeccable service and authentic Indian Spa sanctuaries. Taj Safaris  are wildlife lodges that allow travelers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings. They offer India’s first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit. Taj Safaris provide guests with the ultimate, interpretive, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism model. Vivanta by Taj Hotels ; Resorts  span options for the work-hard-play-hard traveller across metropolitan cities, other commercially important centres as well as some of the best-loved vacation spots. Stylish ; sophisticated, Vivanta by Taj delivers premium hotel experiences with imagination, energy ; efficiency. It’s the flavour of contemporary luxury, laced with cool informality and the charming Taj hospitality. Created for the cosmopolitan global traveller and bon vivant, Vivanta by Taj Hotels Resorts create experiences that will amuse, invigorate inspire you. Vivanta revels in a spirit that presents the normal with an unexpected twist. Experiences which make you pause appreciate the hidden beauty in life! It challenges your expectations of a hotel and unfolds multiple layers of delight. You read "An Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels" in category "Essay examples" Innovative cuisine concepts, the smart use of technology the challenge to constantly engage, energize and relax you all add up to make Vivanta by Taj the new signature in hospitality. The Gateway Hotel  (upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts) is a pan-India network of hotels and resorts that offers business and leisure travellers a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway Hotel, we believe in keeping things simple. This is why, our hotels are divided into 7 simple zones- Stay, Hangout, Meet, Work, Workout, Unwind and Explore. Ginger  (economy hotels) is IHCL’s revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and affordability are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travellers who value simplicity and self-service. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is committed to replicate its domestic success onto international shores with plans to build an international network of luxury hotels, which will provide an exemplary product-service combination and in the process create a global brand. The current international portfolio includes luxury resorts in the Indian Ocean, business and resort destinations in the Middle East and Africa, serviced apartments in the UK, the first hotel in Australia and three a top-end luxury hotels in the US. Exotica Brand The Taj strengthened its presence in the Indian Ocean rim with the Exotica Brand. The Taj Exotica was evolved as part of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces intent to position it as a brand that is clearly differentiated by its product philosophy and service design. The Taj Exotica Resort and Spa, in Maldives is cantered on high-end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest’s unrivalled comfort and privacy. Taj Hotels further expanded its global footprint by securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai, Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan. The most significant additions to the portfolio have been The Pierre, the iconic landmark hotel on New York’s Fifth Avenue, Taj Boston and Blue, Sydney. The presence of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces internationally has been developed through a network of Taj regional sales and PR offices in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. At the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces luxurious living and fine dining find common ground. Whether it is introducing exotic world cuisines to India or taking authentic Indian fare to the world, the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is renowned for the eclectic culinary experiences it brings to its guests. Through a vast repertoire of award-winning restaurants, legendary recipes from royal kitchens and celebrated food festivals, the Taj has pioneered innovation in fine dining across the world. Taj Hotels also promise a whole new experience of tranquillity and total ‘wellness’, through  Jiva Spas  a unique concept, which brings together the wisdom and heritage of the Asian and Indian Philosophy of Wellness and Well-being. Rooted in ancient Indian healing knowledge, Jiva Spas derive inspiration and spirit from the holistic concept of living. There is a rich basket of fresh and unique experiences under the Jiva Spa umbrella of offering, Yoga and Meditation, mastered and disseminated by accomplished practitioners, authentic Ayurveda, and unique Taj signature treatments. Royal traditions of wellness in service experiences, holistic treatments involving body therapies, enlivening and meaningful rituals and ceremonies and unique natural products blended by hand, come together to offer a truly calming experience. IHCL operates  Taj Air, a luxury private jet operation with state-of-the-art Falcon 2000 aircrafts designed by Dassault Aviation, France; and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by guests in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala. IHCL also operates  Taj Sats Air Catering Ltd. , the largest airline catering service in South Asia, as a joint venture with Singapore Airport Terminal Services, a subsidiary of Singapore Airlines. Additionally, it operates the  Indian Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad  since 1993. The institute offers a three-year diploma, designed with the help of international faculty and has affiliations with several American and European programmes. CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY As a part of Tatas; India’s premier business house, Taj Hotels, have always believed in society and environment being integral stakeholders in our business along with the shareholders, customers, vendors and others. Over the last decade, the movement towards ecologically sound tourism has gained urgency and importance across the globe and recognize that responsible practices in vogue are as diverse as the geographies. It promotes corporate citizenship through our strategic public-private partnerships which encourage building livelihoods of less-advantaged youth and women. The causes to promote includes reducing malnutrition, promoting indigenous artisans and craftsmen and enhancing employability of identified target groups by sharing our core competencies as a leading hospitality company. We encourage training and development of differently able youth. The Taj has the unique scope and opportunity to develop raw potential into a skilled workforce that is immediately employable by various players in the industry. A majority of community projects are focused around extending the key strengths in food production, kitchen management, housekeeping, customer service and spas to promote economic empowerment of candidates from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Taj is fully committed to the cause of building a sustainable environment by reducing the impact of our daily operations on the environment and improving operational efficiencies, resource conservation, re use and recycling of key resources. The seventh  Corporate Sustainability Report  was submitted to the United Nations Global Compact society in August, 2010. The United Nations Global Compact is a strategic policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, safety ; security, environment and anti-corruption. This Corporate Sustainability report also serves as GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) as well as Triple Bottom Line report. The report focuses on identified priorities at IHCL and responds to key stakeholder needs. It plans to continue and further strengthen our commitment to the environment and societies in which we operate. It believes in continuous learning and sharing and would be delighted to have your thoughts and suggestions. EARTH In an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces presented EARTH (Environment Awareness ; Renewal at Taj Hotels) this year. Implementing schemes such as the Gangotri Glacier Clean-Up Expedition, as well as designated Earth rooms, which minimise environmental impact, Taj is one of Asia’s largest group of hotels to commit to energy conservation and environmental management. EARTH has received certification from Green Globe, the only worldwide environmental certification program for travel and tourism. The Taj began a century ago with a single landmark – The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai. Today, the various Taj hotels, in all their variety and historical richness, are recognised internationally as the symbols of true Indian hospitality. The Company’s history is integral to India’s emergence into the global business and leisure travel community; and looking to the future, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is well positioned to meet the increase in travel activity with the rapid expansion of the Indian economy. ANALYSIS SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weaknesses| * Taj group of hotels in India and also in abroad. * Corporate governance by a group of highly qualified people. * Hospitality which it provides to its customer * India offers a readymade tourist destination with the resources it has. Thus the magnet to pull  customers already exists and has potential grow. | * has to live up to its reputation. * to cope up with up-coming changes. * to satisfy each and every customer. * High tax structure in the industry makes the industry worse off than its international  equivalent. In India the expenditure tax, luxury tax and sales tax inflate the hotel bill by over  30%. Effective tax in the South East Asian countries works out to only 4-5%. | Opportunities| Threats| * Demand between the national and the inbound tourists can be easily managed due to  difference in the period of holidays. For international tourists the peak season for arrival is  between September to March when the climatic conditions are suitable where as the national  tourist waits for school holidays, generally the summer months. * In the long-term the hotel industry in India has latent potential for growth. This is because  India is an ideal destination for tourists as it is the only country with the most diverse  topography. For India, the inbound tourists are a mere 0. 49% of the global figures. This number  is expected to increase at a phenomenal rate thus pushing up the demand for the hotel  industry. * Unique experience in heritage hotels. * Opportunity of expansion to more destinations. | * Competition with other five star hotels like ITC, HAYAT, LEELA PALACE and OBEROI group of hotels * Terrorists activities which had already happened in 26/11 2009 in Mumbai. * Guest houses are taking an edge in place of hotels. This is a growing trend in the west and is now catching up in  India also, thus diverting the hotel traffic. * Changing trends in the west demand similar changes in India, which here are difficult to  implement due to high project costs. * The economic conditions of a country have a direct impact on the earnings in hotel industry. Lack of training man power in the hotel industry. | COMPETITIVE STRATERIGES SEGMENTATION GEOGRAPHIC a) Region Wise : North India, East India, West India, South India b) City Wise: 4 major metropolitan cities, and tourist destinations in India DEMOGRAPHIC ) Meant for family, diplomats, political guests, international tourists, Honeymoon suit, Business Executives, safari adventure for all. b) In terms of income it is meant for people belonging to upper-middle and high-class society and ginger hotels for the economy class. PSYCHOGRAPHIC It is meant for the people who like heritage buildings, palaces, adventure, luxury, comfort and are ready to spend on all these things. LOYALTY It expects its customers to be loyal and appreciate the service and hospitality they provide to consumers. TARGETING The Taj hotel is targeting luxury business travellers, including domestic and foreign businessmen, the senior management personnel, and the elite strata of society. POSITIONING The Taj group positions its service as anâ€Å"office away from office â€Å"to serve the business customer and also keeps the general positioning of the hotel industry, i. e. †home away from home â€Å" DIFFERENTIATION Hotel has differentiate its service offer through physical ambience it maintain a natural green environment so as to provide a relaxed atmosphere to the tension –bound business traveller and the feature has been well perceived by the target customer . MARKETING MIX The following are the part of a marketing mix I. Product: the service offer has a tangible product in it. Rooms: the rooms are of six type namely, club room, normal room, superior cottage, suites, deluxe room, and the old British Raj ambience room. Restaurant:† paradise† is a Thai food restaurant. â€Å"Island cafe â€Å"is an Italian food restaurant with pool side barbecue it has banquet halls. The hotel also has business centre with latest facilities like internet, interview centre, fitness centre, laundry, etc are the added facilities. II. Pricing : The rent for the rooms of Taj hotels varies from place to place due to the taxation policies, however the cost of the rooms are priced according to the services provided by the hotel. The rooms are categorised as Deluxe Room, Luxury Suite, Royal Suite, Executive suite, Grand Luxury suite, Presidential suite and the charges are prepared according to the room provided. III. Place: TAJ has established hotels in every region in India, the major tourist destinations, palaces, heritage sites in India as well as abroad. IV. Promotion: The advertisement is generally done through magazine hoarding of late, they have started even sponsoring also but in low scale the main emphasis is on direct marketing. V. Physical ambience: it provide natural environment and provide the latest state-of-art facilities. VI. People: it realises the important of people in any service organization for that , the first step is to market their service offer to their own employees understand the need for maintaining high quality and standard . FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 2009-10 . The total income for the year ended March 31, 2010 at Rs. 1566. 35 crores was lower than that of the previous year by8. 2%. 2. Room Income was lower than the previous year by 17%. The Average Room Rate (ARR) decreased by 16%over the previous year. 3. Food ; Beverage (F;B) income was 5% higher than the previous year. 4. Banquets income grew by 12% over the previous year. 2008-09 1. The total income for the year ended March 31, 2009 at Rs. 1706. 52 crores whic h was Lower than that of the previous year by 6 %. 2. Room Income was lower than the previous year by 14 % . 3. The Average Room Rate (ARR) decreased by 2 % over the previous year. 4. Food ; Beverage (F;B) income was 13% lower than the previous year. 2007-08 1. The total income for the year ended March 31, 2008 was Rs. 1,823. 16 crores which was higher than the previous year by 13%. 2. Room income was higher than previous year by 16%. 3. The Average Room Rate increased by 16% over the previous year which significantly contributed to the total increase in room income. FINDINGS After going through all the aspects related to Taj Hotels certain things in form of findings and information. They are: 1. If compared to other brands of 5 star hotels present in India, such as Leela Palace, Oberoi Ashoka group, Hayat or ITC, Taj has a wide variety of options available for its customers. It is ready to provide all kinds of comfort, hygiene, satisfaction desired by its customers. It takes special care and attention of all its customers and tries to bring smile on to their faces and expect them to come and visit again to their hotel. . It has options available for its customers by a chain or group of hotels located in India and abroad. It covers almost all the major tourist destinations. 3. Taj has come up with a new idea with name Ginger hotels which is very economical and greatly praised. 4. Above some analysis that have been shown like marketing Ps, SWOT analysis, strategies, STPD and financial analysis which states that Taj Group of Hotels is performing well and th ere are several other opportunities which can still be exploited. 5. After the terrorist attack in Taj Mahal Palace in Mumbai the revenue generation of the Taj group went down as the crowd of foreign tourists dropped but now slowly it has again started arising 6. Some of the Hotels of Taj Group are Heritage sites, Palaces and Forts which is a plus point for Taj Group, People like to experience these sites by spending some days in Taj Hotels. Some of the palaces are situated in Jaipur and Jodhpur which are World Wide known tourist destinations. 7. Taj Group of Hotels is not having a strong hold in India but also in abroad. It has acquired many palaces and sites and have tie-ups with other big brands outside India. CONCLUSION The study showcased immense research on Taj Goup of Hotels in India. It gives a wide view about the hotel industry in India. It is a well known brand to everyone. It shows Taj has immense potential to grow and further expansion of its business. It also shows the growth in every wing they try to excel themselves through their good plans and strategies, besides excelling themselves in the different wings the most important thing is that they have the social responsibility for the society through their different programs. How to cite An Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels, Essay examples

Business Context of Hi Five Restaurant †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disuss about the Business Context of Hi Five Restaurant. Answer: Introduction In this report, a fictitious company has been chosen that is Hi-Five, a restaurant and it will set in the backdrop of Australia. The organizational structure of my restaurant will be discussed that will also include both the environmental forces that is the internal and the external that might have an impact on it. The Hi- Five restaurants needs to startup a cost of few thousands to millions. As per a survey, the set up cost raises to $275,000 or this can be the cost per sitting $3,046. The median cost for the building amount may be accounted to $425,000 or $3,500 in case of the seating arrangement. The risks that may affect business will also be eventually discussed and the different important functions are on the list. Body The organizational structure will eventually depend on the different aspects of a restaurant that has utilized the structure to highlight the hierarchy. The benefit is that the turnover rate is very high and especially between the front line employees. The best way to get an effective benefit from this section is to dedicate each one with a designated job (Laudien Daxbck, 2016). There is a need for anexecutive management who will eventually be the general manager or the GM who is the core responsible person of everything in the restaurant. Corporate culture is reflected through his policy and there is an importance to make the customers satiate their level of satisfaction. Compensation rates as well as hiring and firing are all based on his decisions. There are different shift supervisors who are solely responsible for proving different support, motivation to most of the people the schedules, complex issues that may arise are all handled by them. They are directly under the store ma nagers. The frontline associates that are required are the waiters and the receptionists who are directly in conversation with the customers. The bar tenders are also a part of the frontine associates (Laudien Daxbck, 2016). The cooks and the food preps are the next important associates in case of a restaurant start up. They cook for the customers as per their desired orders. They are into the cooking business and hardly comes into direct conversation with the customers. The clean up crew are also the ones who clean the dishes and removes the used utensils from the table. The basically has the duty to clean the table and much more. Internal forces (SWOT analysis) Strengths The world class environment of Australia helps to popularize the restaurant and make it more successful in context to the world. The environment is quire safe and almost all kinds of people stay here so diversity of dishes can be chosen. Australia is a country that posts positive vibes about different things and hence experimental menu and a change in different things can be done (Fisher, 2014). Weakness The start up plan is expensive and is not possible for all to afford it and this can be the first step towards the drawback of the plan. Australia is a busy place and adventurous even so to go with the flow of the environment one can try taking up the different risks that might be faced by the organization Hi- Five (Nwobal Michael, 2016). Opportunities There are different opportunities that needs to be marked keeping in mind the Australian environment. The country is one of the fastest growing country that helps in the infrastructure tourism industry (Munson, 2013). There are various scope for growing prospect in the Australian environment. The different opportunities needs to be kept in mind, while making the opportunity of the Australian environment. Threats The different threats that needs to be considered are the exchange rate and the different reasons for the environmental destruction. There is a need to maintain the sustainability of the environment. There are other threats as well in the world of the restaurant that serves different types multi cruisine foods (ztekin, i Karada?, 2015). External forces ( PESTLE analysis ) Political The Australian Government plays a major role of creating awareness in the field of the competitive landscape that needs to be characterized with the restaurant. The political climate is a democratic federal nation stating the different six states along with its two territories. The executive power lays in the hands of the Governor general, the federal cabinet that has a positive impact on the influence of the different political factors (Kimotho, 2013). Th Australian Government has vested its authority on the different laws that is based on the taxes and the different laws. Economical Annually an average of the 2.9% GDP growth has been demonstrated (PIOTRKOWSKI, 2014). A witness of annual downturn by .08% in the growth rate as helped to sort out the global crisis. As per the logistics and the food service industry in Australia, there are different essential factors that improves an expenditure that presents a segment that will eventually accelerate the recovery of it from the recession period in the economy. The prospect of the investment for a restaurant will eventually help from the repression that is occurring globally. As the disposable income increases the rate of the population in the different outlets will help to reflect a positive growth in the economy (Reymondet, 2016). Social The labor market has a characterization that is based on the income level promotions and the different other disadvantageous prospects that helps in the agility in the social way. The country Australia witnesses an exceptional case of upsurge in the birthrates that will eventually increase the dependency on the different government aids (SriRam, 2017). The Australian people tend to seek values that creates a focus on the different involvement and the adaptability that will help to satisfy the different menus for thirst. Technological The only few advancements that have been viewed in todays business is cost reduction, wider connectivity and the high quality in the different concepts that leads to the supply and market (Westfahl Fletcher, 2013). There are different sectors of an increased burden that helps the enterprise to pose for different attempts to make an advancement in case of the technological products. Legislation There are amendments on the different trade practices that will act as a law according to the reformed competition. The control over the market will refrain others from the entry and make it eventually an unlawful restraining rival. Environmental The Australian Government safeguards their environment by encouraging the private sector to help the entire population to secure its growth. There are strict regulations regarding the different series of the consignments that will eventually help to lead a contamination free nature. There is also an addition to the pledge that needs to bee take by any entrepreneur that will help to comply the pledge of the Australian administration in order to sustain in this environment (Westfahl Fletcher, 2013). Porters five forces Competitive rivalry This section mainly deals with the different effects of the firms on each other that includes the contribution on the high number of firms. The aggressiveness of the firms is also very strong but the cot of the switching plan is very small (Fisher, 2014). The competition in the food market is very high as it contains the low switching cost. Consumers can easily shift from the whole grain market to the retailers. Bargaining power of buyers The costs of the switching is low as well as the weak purchases of an individual. The information quality is quite high and better than the other countries. Bargaining power of suppliers There is a moderate scope of the different levels of the supply. The rate of the suppliers is very high that consists of the large size of the different suppliers that may be in group or any individual (Kimotho, 2013). Threat of substitutes In fact all start up businesses has this fear of the threat of the different substitutes. There is a vivid impact on the different products of the industry that is based on the high availability of the different substitute products. The products that are especially amongst those restaurants that have eventually survived and is now going good int the business. Threat of new entrants There is a comparatively high ease of doing this start up business plan that has low switching cost plans. The cost of dong this business is also moderate. Business model canvas The business plan can easily be evaluated by the help of this business canvas. This is a global standard form that has been used by different companies world wide in order to get the different sizes (Laudien Daxbck, 2016). This model is used forstrategic management of the different start up business templates that helps for documenting on the existing business. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is clearly evident and can be deduced that the core responsibilities and the capabilities of a start up business plan of a restaurant organization. The SWOT and the pestle analysis has also been provided with reelect to the restaurant stat up plan in Australia. The porters five forces have been used to judge the different external forces of the environment. The business model canvas has also been used as the modern business process that might affect thee different factors of the organization. An image of the canvas has also been provided for better understanding of the different scopes. References Fisher, C. C. A. M. (2014).New techniques in project portfolio management don't stifle innovation with excessive phasing and gates(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Kimotho, P. M. (2013). Strategic change management practices adopted by Saving and Credit Co-operative societies in Public sector in Kenya.Unpublished MBA Project Report, School of Business, University of Nairobi. Laudien, S. M., Daxbck, B. (2016). The influence of the industrial internet of things on business model design: A qualitative-empirical analysis.International Journal of Innovation Management,20(08), 1640014. Munson, K. W. (2013). Why Don't You Do Right: Corporate Fiduciary Law and the Self-Critical Analysis Privilege.Tul. L. Rev.,88, 651. Nwoba, M. O. E., Michael, U. J. (2016). Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility in Ebonyi State: An Investigative Study of Selected Mining Firms and Communities.Journal of Policy and Development Studies,10(2), 54-62. ztekin, ., i, S., Karada?, E. (2015). The Effect of Leadership Leadership on Organizational Commitment Commitment. InLeadership and Organizational Outcomes(pp. 57-79). Springer International Publishing. PIOTRKOWSKI, K. (2014). LEADER-MANAGER OF A MODERN SELF-GOVERNING ORGANIZATION.Hyperion International Journal of Econophysics New Economy,7(1). Reymondet, L. (2016).A framework for sense-making of complex sociotechnical systems(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Setyawan, A. B., Tarigan, A., Sussanto, H. (2014). The Efficiency of Requesting Process for Formal Business-Documents in Indonesia: An Implementation of Web Application Base on Secure and Encrypted Sharing Process.The Asian Journal of Technology Management,7(2), 83. SriRam, P. (2017). An empirical evidence of interdependence of index futures market and exchange rates markets. Westfahl, S., Fletcher, C. (2013). Accelerated Strengths Development.Law Prac.,39, 29. Ziyae, B., Farhangi, A. A., Khodapanah, B. (2015). Identification of Key Factors Affecting on Success of Business Export in the Fruit Sector (Case Study: Moghans Agro Industry).

Juvenile Crime And Treatment Causes Of Adolescent Atrocity Essays

Juvenile Crime And Treatment: Causes Of Adolescent Atrocity Maralyn Moul Mr. Gluckman Period 3 April 9, 1998 Juvenile Crime and Treatment: Causes of Adolescent Atrocity In a small town like Haddon Township, crime does not seem like a serious issue. Small crimes such as vandalism may be looked at as immense. In other parts of the country though, crime is much more serious. There are places where teenagers are being convicted of murder. Some of these teenagers are also receiving the death penalty. The United States is one of the only four countries in the world who puts minors on death row. The juvenile crime rate in America has been increasing steadily for years. A young black man, Shareef Cousin, has been put on death row for a crime he was convicted of, killing a 25-year old white man. Shareef was only 16 when he was convicted and sentenced (Farley). Most of the teens who are convicted of committing these murders have experienced some sort of abuse at some point in their lives. Robert Anthony Carter was put on death row for crimes he allegedly committed then he was 17. Carter was a victim of child abuse. He had been hit in the head with a brick, baseball bat, dinner plates, to name a few. His abuse and injuries weren't treated. His IQ is 74 making him semiretarded. This information was not brought up at his trial and could have significantly changed the outcome (Farley). In the United Sates, Twelve out of 50 states have juveniles on death row (Atlanta). Why are we one of only a few countries who dares to put a juvenile on death row? Among the adolescents on death row, the family histories revealed distinctive signs such as sexual abuse, violence between parents, extreme violence with weapons by family members, physical abuse, parental alcoholism, and parental psychiatric hospitalizations (Crespi 353). Child abuse has a substantial effect on many juvenile, as well as hardened, criminals. The adolescents were ashamed by their parents brutal behavior and tried to hide and limit the information. This was a factor of abuse not being brought up in the court and eventually bringing on the death sentence (Crespi 353). Dr. Janis F. Breme tells a story, ?I know of one 1987 case in New Jersey where a 9-year old boy was sodomized at least 10 times by his stepfather. The boy was embarrassed and ashamed and his stepfather threatened him with more harm if he told anyone.' ?When he became 12, he did the same thing to his 9-year old brother. The 9-year old brother didn't tell anyone. Then he, the brother, did the same thing to a 5-year old boy in their neighborhood' (Barringer A16). If a child witnesses or experiences abuse, whether mental, physical, or sexual, they are likely to bring what they see with them and imitate it. ?Little boys who witness or suffer domestic abuse too often grow up to be batterers themselves; little girls grow up to be victims' (O'Hair). Young people who have killed have the right to get rehabilitation. We have a responsibility to do so. ?If we believe that people can be reformed, can be helped, can benefit from therapy' (Godfrey and Beich). The solutions aren't easy. But surely one place to start is the very first place that young people witness or experience violence. It's in the home that many young people learn that guns, knives, or fists are a means of power and control. It's in the home where they learn to takeout their rage and frustration on helpless and innocent bystanders. It's in the home where they learn that violence works (O'Hair). Child abuse is not always a factor in the behavior of juveniles. many victims of abuse do not go on to be abusers-particularly if their family and peers reinforce healthy attitudes toward sexuality, and if they have a relative they care for and can confide in' (Barringer A16). Peer pressure is also a factor in crime amongst adolescents. A 12-year old boy and a group of his friends kidnapped a 13-year old girl and hang raped and tortured her. This boy's mother is afraid of him. ?The perverse effect of setting an absolute threshold is that

Free Essays on CIA In Guatemala

In 1944, Guatemala entered their ‘ten years of springtime’ with the democratically elected president Juan Jose Arevalo. He began the institution of reforms that were aggressively continued by the socially aware president Jacobo Arbenz Guzman. Guzman took office in 1951 with a list of planned programs, some of which being land, employment and social reforms. Under the auspice of communist infiltration, the United States and its corporations were concerned that Guatemala represented ‘†¦a serious threat to hemispheric solidarity and to our security in the Caribbean area.’ The National Security Act (NSA) of 1947, and the creation of the CIA because of that act, radically changed the direction and methods United States foreign policy would take. The NSA act helped create a secret government within a legitimate government willing to overthrow democratically elected leaders in favour of multinational U.S. corporations and puppet dictators. The situation in Guatemala in the early 1950s motivated the United States to use overt and covert action to destabilize and overthrow the government of Guatemala. The Central Intelligence Agency’s orchestrated coup in 1954 ended Guatemala’s fledgling democracy, making it the zenith of America’s Cold War foreign policies. In 1944, the ‘October Revolutionariries’, a group of dissident military officers, students, and liberal professionals, overthrew General Jorge Ubico’s Guatemalan dictatorship, thus, paving the way for the democratically elected leftist government of Juan Jose Arevalo. Arevalo quickly won broad support of the young liberal students and professionals alike, winning with 255,000 of 295,000 votes in the election of 1944. To them he personified ‘†¦all the civic virtues associated with democratic government†¦.’ Arevalo was clear that his government would not head in materialist directions but aim at ‘†¦liberating man psychologically and spiritually.’ ... Free Essays on CIA In Guatemala Free Essays on CIA In Guatemala In 1944, Guatemala entered their ‘ten years of springtime’ with the democratically elected president Juan Jose Arevalo. He began the institution of reforms that were aggressively continued by the socially aware president Jacobo Arbenz Guzman. Guzman took office in 1951 with a list of planned programs, some of which being land, employment and social reforms. Under the auspice of communist infiltration, the United States and its corporations were concerned that Guatemala represented ‘†¦a serious threat to hemispheric solidarity and to our security in the Caribbean area.’ The National Security Act (NSA) of 1947, and the creation of the CIA because of that act, radically changed the direction and methods United States foreign policy would take. The NSA act helped create a secret government within a legitimate government willing to overthrow democratically elected leaders in favour of multinational U.S. corporations and puppet dictators. The situation in Guatemala in the early 1950s motivated the United States to use overt and covert action to destabilize and overthrow the government of Guatemala. The Central Intelligence Agency’s orchestrated coup in 1954 ended Guatemala’s fledgling democracy, making it the zenith of America’s Cold War foreign policies. In 1944, the ‘October Revolutionariries’, a group of dissident military officers, students, and liberal professionals, overthrew General Jorge Ubico’s Guatemalan dictatorship, thus, paving the way for the democratically elected leftist government of Juan Jose Arevalo. Arevalo quickly won broad support of the young liberal students and professionals alike, winning with 255,000 of 295,000 votes in the election of 1944. To them he personified ‘†¦all the civic virtues associated with democratic government†¦.’ Arevalo was clear that his government would not head in materialist directions but aim at ‘†¦liberating man psychologically and spiritually.’ ...

Dental Receptionist English Dialogue

Dental Receptionist English Dialogue Dental receptionists take care of administrative tasks such as scheduling appointments and checking in patients. They answer telephone calls and do paperwork such as sending out reminders to patients of appointment dates. In this dialogue, you will practice the role of a patient who is returning for a yearly dental appointment. Checking-In With the Dental Receptionist Sam: Good morning. I have an appointment with Dr. Peterson at 10.30.Receptionist: Good morning, can I have your name, please? Sam: Yes, its Sam Waters.Receptionist: Yes, Mr. Waters. Is this the first time youve seen Dr. Peterson? Sam: No, I had my teeth cleaned and checked last year.Receptionist: OK, just a moment, Ill get your chart. Receptionist: Have you had any other dental work done during the past year?Sam: No, I havent.   Receptionist: Have you flossed regularly?  Sam: Of course! I floss twice a day and use a water-pick.   Receptionist: I see you have a few fillings. Have you had any trouble with them?Sam: No, I dont think so. Oh, I changed my insurance. Heres my new provider card.Receptionist: Thank you. Is there anything in particular youd like the dentist to check today? Sam: Well, yes. Ive been having some gum pain recently.Receptionist: Alright, Ill make a note of that. Sam: ... and Id like to have my teeth cleaned as well.Receptionist: Of course, Mr. Waters, thatll be part of todays dental hygiene. Sam: Oh, yes, of course. Will I have x-rays taken?Receptionist: Yes, the dentist likes to take x-rays every year. However, if youd prefer not to have x-rays, you can opt out. Sam: No, thats alright. Id like to make sure everything is OK.Receptionist: Great. Please have a seat and the Dr. Peterson will be with you momentarily. (After the appointment) Receptionist: Well need to schedule an appointment to come in for the fillings you need?Sam: OK. Do you have any openings next week? Receptionist: Lets see... How about next Thursday morning?Sam: Im afraid I have a meeting.   Receptionist: How about two weeks from today?Sam: Yes, that sounds good. What time? Receptionist: Can you come at 10 oclock in the morning?Sam: Yes. Lets do that.   Receptionist: Perfect, well see you on Tuesday, March 10th at 10 oclock.Sam: Thank you.   Key Vocabulary appointmentchartcheck-updental hygieneflossgum paingumsinsuranceprovider cardto clean teethto opt outto schedule an appointmentx-ray

The need for an organisation's HR function Essay

The need for an organisation's HR function - Essay Example call for vibrant policies and practices on the part of the management team so as to facilitate the organizations to react swiftly and productively to such dynamic external environments. The strategic human resource management facilitates its organizational teams to deliver highly competitive and standardized performance under intricate business conditions that strives to convert challenges into opportunities by transforming anarchy into systematic strategies and strategy into productive action. Strategic human resource management has achieved immense significance and generated critical awareness in recent years amongst theorists and researchers, most remarkably in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior and industrial relations. Apparently, heightened assimilation of human resource management and corporate strategies has placed a significant claim upon contemporary strategic human resource management in terms of management as well as the academic literature, and hence it is commonly recognized that the strategic employment and administration of human resources can pave way for accomplishment and stability of the firms. Certain authors and researchers have further claimed that that an organizations human resources help shape the foundation of its competitive advantage1. Thus, with this background, it can be safely established, that the need for an organizations HR function to be strategic in nature is in co-operation, and not in conflict, with its n eed to respond to the external environment. â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management is the linking of human resource management with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational cultures that foster innovation and flexibility† Strategic human resource management has been defined as the development of organizational culture that cultivates modernization and elasticity with the assistance of establishment of an association between human

The Chocolate War Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Chocolate War - Case Study Example The war has also set back attempts by the world’s large chocolate companies to curb the use of child labor and help improve the lives of the people in the Ivory Coast by teaching them new farming techniques and business practices.  Worse still for the Ivory Coast, where the incomes of six million people – about 35% of the population – are linked to cocoa farming, is that chocolate companies may begin rethinking their reliance on the country amid fears of continuing political instability.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If things don’t improve,† says Anne Prendergast, an analyst with the commodities trading firm Refco in New York, â€Å"over the next five years one may see a gradual erosion of production from the Ivory Coast.†Ã‚  In the succeeding weeks the rebels and the government have made progress toward peace. The next several months are critical. If the Ivory Coast can begin to mend its shredded political and social fabric, it may be able to undo the damage already don to its cocoa economy. But if unrest continues, the situation could become dire for both the country’s cocoa farmers and the world’s companies.  The war turned any of the major cocoa centers in the western part of the Ivory Coast in the battlefields. Farmers abandoned their crops to flee the rebel advance. Iberian mercenaries fighting alongside the rebels seized the entire northern half of the country before French peacekeepers intervened to separate the warring sides. The prospect of further political problems spooks international chocolate executives. So far, no chocolate company has pulled out.

Improving Schools Essay Example for Free

Improving Schools Essay There are many improvements that can be made to our school. These improvements will progress the school into a higher grade of learning for students. There are many different facets to our school and small, inexpensive, environmentally friendly changes need to be made. Making changes to the school will help the students achieve higher grades, and therefore have even more university and college acceptance. Improvements such as free internet, a library on campus and free parking will for sure be solutions with a positive aftermath. My first suggestion to improving the school is free internet. Internet can be a positive solution for those students in St. Louis that English is not their first language. They can access translation sites to help them better understand the reading material and course assignments. Diagrams for courses with maps and graphs can be accessed on the internet. This will save paper for teacher, therefore creating a more environmentally friendly place and also will help students see the diagrams first hand in colour. We have decided as a democratic society that education is a right, with this right we must provide the tools to make it accessible, the internet will further progress students learning in variable ways. My second suggestion is that we have a library on campus. Through the library we can borrow books; this is a great solution to those who can’t afford to buy books. Buying books outside of school can be expensive and what can you do with them after you read them, borrowing them for the library is a simple and environmentally friendly solution. The library is a good place also to work on assignments and group projects on the lunch hour, this helps students get the work done and hand it in on time and also provides a work space other than their house. In addition to the above point, since we decided education is a right, it is imperative that a library be added for those who can’t afford a computer, internet etc. A library is a place for those to access the tools to have a better learning experience such as typing out assignments and accessing internet for class. We have decided education is a right but again we must provide to make that right available to all. Lastly, we should have free parking. Free parking has many positive variables. For instance, if we issue free parking for students we could insist that students carpool to reduce parking space demand, this will also lower our ecological footprint and therefore be good for everyone. Students coming from Cambridge, have a hour long bus ride to  get to the Kitchener campus and most of them have to come to the the Kitchener campus because Cambridge doesn’t offer University level courses. Free parking would make that drive less of a hassle that it already is. Also many students as St. Louis have kids and or a job. Free parking would aid in getting to work on time, or getting their child from daycare on time. In conclusion, our school has made a great start. But it is time to make even more effort to make students success more efficient. With solutions like free internet, a library and free parking we will reduce our ecological impact, make student life more enjoyable, and having a higher acceptance to University and College. We have decided that schooling is a right, with that we need to give students what they need to succeed. Our society will better from educated people that can support themselves, rather than people that depend on society. Education is not only for the now, it is forever.

Reflecting on Religion in Literature Essay -- Religion Anthropology

I am a Religious Studies major; therefore, learning about religion is a genuine interest of mine. In addition, from my first anthropology class, Introduction to Anthropology 103, learning about different cultures and people who may or may not be different from myself became an interest. Anthropology of Religion provides me with the best of both worlds. Not only do I get the opportunity to learn about different religious practices such as Tiwah among the Ngaju but how to anthropologically examine snake handlers in the Appalachians. One issue remains concerning the definition of religion. The semester began with us using theorists and their theories to construct a definition of religion. However, due to how convoluted religion is we changed our mind. In an attempt to synthesize the work done this semester, I wish to form some sort of definition of religion base on the ethnographies we have studied. In order to create such a definition, I wish to go through the three major books that we read and make a conclusion as to the authors’ understanding of religion. In other words, in my own words, a conclusion on each authors’ take on religion. Afterwards, I wish to use all three to form an overall definition of religion based on the work we have done throughout the semester. The three books that I am referring to are Ann Schiller’s Small Sacrifices, Rane Willerslev’s Soul Hunters, and Dennis Covington’s Salvation on Sand Mountain. Ann Schiller’s Small Sacrifices explores religious change among the Ngaju in Borneo, Indonesia. She elaborates on the Indonesian government’s demand on the Ngaju to conform to one of the religions they deem acceptable. In conforming to Hinduism, however, the Ngaju lose their culture, eventually their identity,... ...the semester was how to define religion because it was so complex, but now I have come to understand that religion is better understood when we look at it from a few good books that shows the verities of religion. Therefore, at the end of this class I understand religion to be something that is difficult to define when expanded to include controversial systems of belief, but easy to understand when examined closely. Works Cited Covington, Dennis. Salvation on Sand Mountain: Snake Handling and Redemption in Southern Appalachia. 15th ed. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 2009. Print. Schiller, Anne. Small Sacrifices: Religious Change and Cultural Identity among the Ngaju of Indonesia. New York: Oxford UP, 1997. Print. Willerslev, Rane. Soul Hunters: Hunting, Animism, and Personhood among the Siberian Yukaghirs. Berkeley [u.a.: University of California, 2007. Print.

Jamba Juice Essay

Introduction Jamba Juice is a retailer of beverage and food offerings, owns, operates, and franchises stores in US and different countries. It is the first ever company to offer juice products made with fresh and natural fruits. Jamba Juice was conceived and founded in April 1990 by Kirk Perron, an avid cyclist and healthy lifestyle advocate who opened his first store in San Luis Obispo. It was incorporated in 1990 as Juice Club, Inc. in San Luis Obispo, California. Presently, there are 809 stores globally, Canada, South Korea and Philippines. MISSION: â€Å"To become the world’s leading blender of fruit and other naturally healthy ingredients.† VALUES: â€Å"F.I.B.E.R which stands for fun, integrity, benefits, excellence andresults.† Products and ServicesIt offers fruit smoothies, fresh juices and teas, coconut water, hot oatmeal made with organic steel cut oats, organic tea lattes, fruit and veggie smoothies, frozen yogurts, breakfast wraps, salads, sandwiches, California flatbreads, and various baked goods and snacks; provides catering services for business meetings, corporate getaways, client luncheons, and other events. â€Å"Boosts† are added nutritional supplementation, like extra fiber or calcium and there are boosts that can be added to the smoothies. The idea of boosts in the products is a very innovative idea and Jamba juice is the only one company that follows. It is a great advantage when people know what kind of nutritional element they are getting in their food. Operation For the operational purposes, the distribution of chain of command follows in a store. There are managers in each store. The managers are the ones responsible to command the entire management. Depending on the business of the store, there is an assistant manager. The, the other chain of command is the shift leader or crew leader. The leader is responsible for handling the floor operations and managing the crew that is working on their particular shift. The crew members have their designated jobs assigned. It can be either at cash register or other stations. For the greatest efficiency for operation in a store, there is classification of duties. 1. Order taker/ Cashier 2. Processer 3. Carryout/Pickup Station Supply Chain Supply chain is a very important aspect in any company. The regular chain consists of raw materials, supplier, manufacturing, distribution and consumer. The supply chain for Jamba Juice Company is described as follows: 1. Raw Materials: fruits, vegetables, milk, yogurt 2. Supplier: fruit vendors, different farms from different states and other countries. For Example: Oranges from Florida, blueberries and raspberries from Chile and Argentina apples from Washington state, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. 3. Manufacturing: classification and assembly of fruits 4. Distribution: Jamba juice company stores all over USA and the international locations 5. Customer/ Consumer: health conscious customers Issues and problems in operation and supply chain management 1. Raw materials- Fruits are organic, so less preservation time, less time for shipping and distribution 2. Supplier/manufacturer- Expensive shipping methods, seasonal fruits only, so risks of degradation 3. Distribution- less coverage due to decreased shipping time 4. Customer- price is expensive, seasonal choices of products Suggested solution 1. Try to focus on local markets and promote the seasonal fruit products as specials to increase sales, 2. Advertisements, publicity of health benefits, calorie counts, merchandise, store decoration to promote sales 3. Providing coupons, deals, free samples, with different promotional strategies to increase sales 4. Contribution and support for the health events such as marathons for a cause to bring in more business and also promote the health benefits Conclusion Jamba juice is a well-known company for its healthy products. Being in a competitive market, they have to focus on the local vendors and farms, marketing and sponsorship for marathons, sporting events, etc. to promote their main goal of health promotion. Their business is improving but along with that, the health promotion of consumers is the ultimate goal. It is a win-win situation for both sides. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

The Aventure of the Red Tape Gang

Adventures of the Red Tape Gang are a mystery book. It was write in the United States of America in 1974 by Joan Lowery Nixon, she was born in February 3 of 1927 in Los Angeles, California, United States she was an American journalist and author, specializing in historical fiction and mysteries for children and young adults. Then Joan Lowery Nixon is the only four-time winner of the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Allan Poe Award and a two-time winner of the California Young Reader Medal. She died in June 23, 2003. The story start in a place in Los Angeles in the middle of 1974, all the history will be narrated for Michael that is the main character in that book. One day Michael was talking with his family when he said them one morning the crime rate in Los Angeles because in those moments the city was suffering many problems with the delinquency. Michael desired to build one clubhouse with Tommy and Jimmy, Leroy, Dorothy and Linda Jean that was a person that always liked to take the big risks in adventures of gang. Michael's fathers everyday liked to read the newspapers; he was very informed about the acts that were passing in the city. Especially in those day arisen some problems near from the Michael's house and his red gang like they called their group decided to investigate the origin of problems, they were very informed with the news of newspaper that Michael's father had. Problems had been in a house that was near from the clubhouse and they wanted to solve problems. They one night went to check what was happening over there because in the newspaper was announcement many bad acts. They arrived to the house that was alone, nobody lived in that house, they saw by the window what had inside, but they just saw that inside just had one little light, they decided to return to their clubhouse and to make a schedule to be checking in different days what was happening there. Days later they saw a person outside the house but he looked strange person, then one black truck arrived there and they were talking and then they leaved from there, but it was not normal. The group wanted that anything else was their identification in the name of the gang and they decided to choose the name or Red Tape Gang because many groups have a specific name. They one day went to the house again and in that time they had many problems, in this time the turn was to Linda Jean, because she went in to the house but never saw that bad people was inside the house and she could not to come back with their friend because she stayed there and people when they leaved to there close the door, but they never saw that she was there. In his moment Michaels and his friends went to their houses to find tools and keys to open the door but everything was useless. Then bad people came back to the house, but Linda Jean was still inside the house and they saw her. In this moment start the climax because she took a gum that strange people had inside of house, so in this moment her friends got to open the door and they saw the problems that Linda Jean was living. In this moment they run away . to a police that was in the corner of a street and he arrived to the house to see what was going on. There the police took care of that problem and solve the mysterious. Story end in the moment that the policeman solved difficulties. End. The book is especially for young man because the idea and setting is very interesting. It is easy to catch what the author wants to transmit to people that reads that book. The main point that the author wants is that when the people is reading this book the readers can imagine the situation and they can live the emotion of the characters are living in each situation that they have. Is very important to know the kind of literature we are reading in that book, in this case we are reading fiction, and the book is designate for everybody like mysterious stories. I recommend that book because in the moment that you are reading you feel that you are one more character in the story, because is not easy that many book to get involve the reader in the story. For example in the fiction the author just write the things trying to give it’s a logic, but the main purpose that author wants is that the reader can image the lecture and then the reader try to be involve in that to forget the difficulties or problems that you are living. The most important thing is to think like a child and to have much imagination. Other thing is that book has an easy vocabulary, because it permits that almost everybody that knows or can understand English can read. Reading book permit us to put in practice our skills in foreign language. In that book is very important the use of some techniques that helps the understanding of the lecture for example to compare two or three ideas in the paragraph tat we can denominate Analogy. In that’s kind books is very common to live an emotional sense when the author just with words is involving you in the story (Connotation). Lectures permit to do personifications in the moment that you are reading the text, because you are going to imagining the things that are missing. The most important key in one book is to catch all the interest of the audience and it is the job to the author to get all the interest of people. The Mood in this book is very important in that book because the atmosphere is very interesting and you don’t want to stop to read the book, because you are implicit in that. The key in any book is the Plot, to know the progress of story and in that book is very used for the author to give the suspense necessary to develop the story.

Free Essays on The Thing They Carried

The Things They Carried War is hell. The simple phrase is basically true and seems easy to imagine. However, nothing compares to actually fighting in a war. The narrator, Tim O’Brien tells many stories about his war experience and brings the reader into his world of bravery, shame, death, and beauty. Obviously the title evinces that one of the focuses is on what the soldiers carried, which not only covers the physical items but bleeds into the emotional and psychological baggage of the war. Even after the war, the soldiers still had to â€Å"hump† the pain, guilt, nightmares, and deaths that continue to burden their thoughts. Every character carried items specific to their rank, necessity, mission, superstition, background, girlfriends, and many other factors. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien and Jimmy Cross carried many of the same items for survival and sanity, but their personal items and those hidden deep within the thought and consciousness separate the two soldiers and th e men that actually returned from the war. Jimmy Cross was the leader and in charge of the platoon; therefore, he carried more equipment than others including a compass, code books, maps, and binoculars. Along with the leadership role came the responsibility of being an example, keeping his men alive, and fulfilling his commands. This weight was heavier than any item he carried. He held himself reliable for the death of any of his men. When Ted Lavender died as a result of Jimmy not securing the area well enough, Jimmy burned his most prized possessions. He was known for his pictures of Martha, a girl he went out with once in college and corresponds with in letters, pictures, and a pebble. His illusion of her actually loving him obviously helped him cope with the pressures of leadership and the more general anxiety of war and dying at about any time. He treasured his letters from her and constantly daydreamed about her. This was a distraction... Free Essays on The Thing They Carried Free Essays on The Thing They Carried The Things They Carried War is hell. The simple phrase is basically true and seems easy to imagine. However, nothing compares to actually fighting in a war. The narrator, Tim O’Brien tells many stories about his war experience and brings the reader into his world of bravery, shame, death, and beauty. Obviously the title evinces that one of the focuses is on what the soldiers carried, which not only covers the physical items but bleeds into the emotional and psychological baggage of the war. Even after the war, the soldiers still had to â€Å"hump† the pain, guilt, nightmares, and deaths that continue to burden their thoughts. Every character carried items specific to their rank, necessity, mission, superstition, background, girlfriends, and many other factors. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien and Jimmy Cross carried many of the same items for survival and sanity, but their personal items and those hidden deep within the thought and consciousness separate the two soldiers and th e men that actually returned from the war. Jimmy Cross was the leader and in charge of the platoon; therefore, he carried more equipment than others including a compass, code books, maps, and binoculars. Along with the leadership role came the responsibility of being an example, keeping his men alive, and fulfilling his commands. This weight was heavier than any item he carried. He held himself reliable for the death of any of his men. When Ted Lavender died as a result of Jimmy not securing the area well enough, Jimmy burned his most prized possessions. He was known for his pictures of Martha, a girl he went out with once in college and corresponds with in letters, pictures, and a pebble. His illusion of her actually loving him obviously helped him cope with the pressures of leadership and the more general anxiety of war and dying at about any time. He treasured his letters from her and constantly daydreamed about her. This was a distraction...

5 Summer Programs in New Mexico for High Schoolers

Your teen has many options for how to spend his or her time once summer rolls around. Without the constraints of a constant high school class schedule combined with numerous extracurriculars and other commitments, they might choose to pursue a volunteer program, get a summer job, or even take some summer classes. Another great option for teens looking to get a taste for college life is a summer program on a college campus. While New Mexico might not be the first place that comes to mind when one considers summer activities for high schoolers, there are several strong on-campus programs available for teens who want to explore the options there. To learn more about five of them, keep reading. Summer programs offer high schoolers a rare taste of life at a university. Whether the program is residential or not, teens will be immersed in campus culture. They will attend classes in university classrooms, use college facilities like labs or libraries, eat in dining halls, and often even meet some current students who attend the college. In addition, teens can make valuable connections with professors who could eventually become their actual college instructors. Teens who attend a summer program often gain important insights into their future goals for college. They may learn what they do and do not want from their college experience, or learn more about the programs of study they’re drawn to. If your teen is interested in attending a summer program in New Mexico, don’t miss this post. The PREP High School Academy is an intensive two-week residential program in the STEM fields, hosted on the New Mexico State University campus. Participants work on leadership, team-building, and hands-on activities that simulate real-world engineering experiences while gaining self-confidence and connecting with current faculty and students. Essay Prompt: Tell the selection committee what world problem you hope to solve as a future engineer and how do you see attending the NM PREP Academy helping you achieve that goal. The Summer Science Program (SSP) is one of the longest running pre-college programs in the country, having been founded in 1959. It provides an immersive experience with hands-on research over the course of its 39-day residential program. It aims to challenge and inspire talented and motivated high school students through four different program offerings, one of which is available at New Mexico Tech. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. The University of New Mexico offers two exciting STEM programs to high school students each summer: The UNITE Program offers participants four weeks of pre-college and STEM related hands-on activities in engineering and computer science. The Energy Summer Academy introduces students to a broad variety of energy-related topics in research through a four-week residential program. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, students are engaged through college prep courses, guest speakers, field trips and hands-on workshops. Those who complete either program successfully are eligible for a $100/week stipend for their participation. Essay Prompt: Why do you want to attend this program at UNM? The Research Learning Experiences Program provides STEM field internships ranging from five to eight weeks depending on the program. Through grant funding, students participate in actual research, working on important engineering problems under the guidance of undergraduates, graduate students, post docs and/or faculty. Students are paid a stipend or hourly wage for their work and are invited to participate in group meetings, engineering seminars, and outreach events. The Transportation Institute   is sponsored by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration and the New Mexico Department of Transportation and provides a variety of STEM related learning opportunities as they relate to the transportation industry. This three-week residential program offers a combination of college prep courses, guest speakers, field trips and hands-on workshops to students interested in the transportation industry. Essay Prompt: Why do you want to attend this program at UNM? Summer programs can offer your teen the unique opportunity to gain deep industry experience on a college campus, pursue an area of interest, and learn more about him or herself and his or her goals for the future. In addition, your teen could make important connections that are valuable during the college application process or beyond.    If you need more help identifying the best summer programs or other academic pursuits for your teen and his or her unique interests and skills, consider the benefits of the Near Peer Mentorship Program , which provides access to practical advice on topics from college admissions to career aspirations, all from successful college students.  

Trump Ltd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trump Ltd - Research Paper Example expense is utilized. Normally prepayments are made for items like rent of premises and payments are of current nature expense.First it necessary to define what is cash flow statements. Cash flows are useful addition to financial statements which describe the users that how much cash is there in the company. The statement shows the users that how much cash is out flowed and how much the company has received from there different activates.As we know that any company survival in the fast changing and tough competition environment, depend upon its ability to generate cash. cash flow accounting direct our attention toward this curtail issue.Cash flows full fill the needs of all users. Such as management will able to take more effective decision when they will know that what amount of cash will be present in the company. Management will be help through the cash flow forecast in taking expansion and investment decisions.... According to prepayments concept amount paid in advance for any expense will be treat as an asset until the expense is utilized. Normally prepayments are made for items like rent of premises and payments are of current nature expense. Discussion on cash flow forecast: First it necessary to define what is cash flow statements. Cash flows are useful addition to financial statements which describe the users that how much cash is there in the company. The statement shows the users that how much cash is out flowed and how much the company has received from there different activates. The main advantages of using cash flow forecast are as follow As we know that any company survival in the fast changing and tough competition environment, depend upon its ability to generate cash. cash flow accounting direct our attention toward this curtail issue. Cash flows are more comprehensive than accounting profits which are dependent on accounting concepts and conventions Cash flows forecast are easier to prepare and as well as more useful the profit forecast. Cash flows full fill the needs of all users. Such as management will able to take more effective decision when they will know that what amount of cash will be present in the company. Management will be help through the cash flow forecast in taking expansion and investment decisions. Cash flow forecast will be helpful for providing comparison with actual cash flows to see what variances has been incurred. Cash Flow Statement as on 31 Dec 2006 Month 1: Operating Activities cash from customers 6250 cash paid to staff wages -10000 interest paid ( 7% of 100000)/12 -583 cash

Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Lab Report Example DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent the most dangerous type of DNA damage since a single DSB is capable of causing cell death or disturbing the genomic integrity of the cell (Jackson and Bartek, 2009). DSBs are difficult to repair and extremely harmful (Khanna and Jackson, 2001). DSBs generally form when two single-strand breaks (SSBs) occur in close proximity, or when a SSB or certain other lesions are encountered during DNA-replication (Jackson and Bartek, 2009). Ionising radiation (IR) and chemotherapeutic compounds used in cancer also generate DSBs. Mediated by DSBs, DNA lesions develop as a result of recombination between different loci (Kongruttanachok et al., 2010). Thus, a cell constantly faces the risk of DNA damage caused exogenously as well as from an incorrect incorporation of base pairs occurring during normal replication. The chemical changes occurring in the DNA structure, therefore, must be corrected in order to preserve the encoded genetic information. Mechanis ms of DNA damage repair exist which involve systems that detect DNA damage, signal its location and bring about the repair. The DNA-damage responses (DDR) are physiologically very important as each of the nearly 1013 cells in the human body experiences innumerable DNA lesions per day (Lindahl and Barnes, 2000). Nuclear Excision Repair (NER) is a repair mechanism in the cell to deal with DNA damage caused exogenously by UV rays and ionizing radiation, besides other types of chemical alteration to the DNA (Wood, 1997). Mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionarily conserved DNA damage fixing process that is employed by the cell when base pairs are added incorrectly during replication (Kunkel and Erie, 2005). At least ten different DNA repair processes are operative in higher organisms (Reed, 2010). Platinum-based compounds e.g., cisplatin, oxaliplatin, satraplatin etc. interfere with the repair mechanisms to effect programmed cell death, or apoptosis. For example, cisplatin when introduc ed into the nucleus, forms adducts (Fichtinger-Sherpman, et al., 1985). The formation of the bulky adducts causes torsional strain on the DNA strand prompting the cell to invoke the NER and/or the Mismatch repair enzymes. However, the repair mechanisms are generally unable to effectively correct the damage as the platinum adduct is a non-native structure, and this leads to permanent DNA damage causing apoptosis of the potentially defective cell (Agarwal et al., 1998). The inactivation of repair processes could have wide-ranging consequences, both beneficial and detrimental. In the context of the former, DNA damage and repair has been the major target of anticancer therapy. Serious attempts are being made to modulate these processes in order to improve their efficacy in the treatment of cancer (Reed, 2010). While DSBs are processed by a number of DNA repair pathways depending partly on the phases of the cell cycle, NER is the only mechanism known to remove bulky DNA adducts, includin g those formed by platinum-based anticancer drugs, from human cells (Readon et al., 1999). A majority of DSBs are repaired by non-homologous end-joining repair (NHEJ) mediated by either

Comparing movie Genres Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing movie Genres - Essay Example Revolts against slavery in interior parts of Africa and Asia have been focused more in action movies. Action movies use racism as a theme in scenarios involving revenge against the wrong doers or as an act of dominance towards the discriminated people. An instance where a good guy who is usually white investigates the stealing of robbery and jewels associated with black people also depict racism in action movies. These movies always portray them as the criminals. Movies which show a villain extensively using drugs, explosives, and alcohol are more often a person who is African American. In movies showing war between two countries, racism is the theme as one nation destroys the other minor/poor country. In horror movies, stories are more fictional and imaginary. Even in these imaginary stories, racism has been highlighted with the evil/ man-eater not being a white. These haunted stories like usually revolve around a group of people who are trapped in a forest to a witch/ man-eater (us ually the non-white), eventually killing it. The movie ‘Friday the 13th’ depicts how the black guy and the Asian guy are mocked at. In one of the instances, the black guy expresses his sexual desires, but is only allowed to look at the rich girls around (Champion, 2009). The effect of racism on the larger audience through action movies has a positive effect. Action movies address racism with its heart touching and eye opening scenes more so with the events which have occurred in the past. The revolts against racism which have occurred in the history are presented in movies have a motivational message attached with it. The audience realizes how inhuman racism is and gets the feel good factor about their revolutionary heroes. In contrast to horror movies, action movies give a meaningful message to the audience. The genres of Action and Horror address sex through most of the movies. In horror movies, it is more used to show how sex can make the best slip. In the movie â₠¬ËœA Nightmare on Elm Street’, there is a scene where a girl is taking a bath, in which the bath becomes a deep pool of water (â€Å"A Nightmare on Elm Street†, 2011). These scenes though do not send a strong message, but are extremely important to show how the character blends into the story. Intense horror movies show sex between the good guy and the evil who is disguised as an attractive women and the evil later killing the guy. These instances address on how even the most vigil person can fall to attractive women. In ‘Scream’, a teenage girl shows another teen girl a photograph on her cell phone of a man's bare abdomen and chest, and the girl says that he's really hot (â€Å"Scream4†, 2011). These scenes go hand in hand with the horror movies to oscillate the emotions of the audience and to keep the thrill going. Action movies address the theme of sex more cleverly. The main idea of including such scenes in action movies is to deceive the gangst er or the lead in the movie and getting critical information from him. The movie ‘Bad Company’ shows how the protagonist of the movie is tempted to cheat on his girlfriend (â€Å"Bad Company†, 2011). An action movie addresses the theme of sex with attractive ladies making out with criminals or the hero in bars or at lodges. In some movies, these scenes are repeated. It shows that the goons in the movie wish to be surrounded by attractive and seductive women most of the times.

Athletic Directors Leadership Traits and Job Satisfaction

Athletic Directors Leadership Traits and Job Satisfaction This chapter will provide a review of the literature and research related to the purpose of the study. Because research identifying specific leadership traits of high school athletic directors is almost nonexistent, this literature review begins with a summary of: (a) leadership defined (b) general educational leadership traits and theories, (c) roles and responsibilities, (d) job satisfaction and finish with the (e) summary. Leadership Defined Leadership is a term that can be found throughout all workplaces. The meaning of leadership can be defined in a variety of ways. According to Fiedler (1967), leadership is defined by managing group work with appropriate control and organization. According to Dr. Jamie Williams (Sugarman, 1999), leadership is like gravity. You know its there, you know it exists, but how do you define it? Nahavandi (2008) explained that researchers disagree with leadership definitions because of the fact that leadership is a complicated phenomenon mixed with the leader, the follower, and the situation. For example, Coach John Woodens ability to motivate his mens basketball program at UCLA to win 11 national championships during his coaching tenure provides evidence of Woodens transformational leadership. Wooden inspired his players to play to the best of their ability and to never accept losing. He was also instrumental in making sure that his players stayed very humble in the process. Hughes et al. (2008) explained that some researchers have paid attention to the leaders personal traits while others have focused on the relationship between leaders and followers or situational factors that influence leadership behavior. Roach and Behling (1984) defined leadership as the procedure of guiding an organized team toward achieving its objectives. This is definition is accepted by any sports team that wins a championship or achieves their team goals. Rost (1993) defined leadership as influence dynamics among leaders and followers who attempt to bring true organizational changes that reflect their common goals. Daft (1999) stated that in the new era represented by a dramatic change, an old philosophy of control-oriented leadership is not effective anymore, and that leaders should make effort to retain soft elements of leadership qualities in addition to hard management skills. Watkins and Rikard (1991) defined leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement. There are many categories, given the different ways the influencing process is played out. Three such categories are transactional leadership transformational leadership, and situational leadership. Leadership Traits and Theories Theories of leadership have evolved and debate over the act of leadership, and what is required, continues. This study will explore the leadership traits of high school athletic directors and if they correlate with job satisfaction. According to Young, et al (2010), the documentation of educational leadership traits for high school athletic directors is scarce. However, the traits of organization, roles and responsibilities and job satisfaction of high school athletic directors are prevalent in previous research. Since the twentieth century there have been many researching leadership and creating theories to go with their findings (Dulewicz Higgs, 2003; Grint, 2000; Higgs, 2002; Kets de Vries, 1993). Leadership theories can be grouped into one of eight theory categories. These eight theories are the Great Man theory, trait theories, contingency theory, situational theories, behavioral theories, participative theories, management theories and relationship theories. This research will look into the details of the trait theory, behavioral theories, situational theories, and transformational and transactional leadership. Trait theories will identify which characteristics are shared by leaders. According to Shead (2010) since certain traits are associated with proficient leadership, it assumes that if you could identify people with the correct traits, you will be able to identify leaders and people with leadership potential. Trait theory takes on the assumption that leaders are born with leadership traits or not. This idea appears to be incorrect. Shead (2010) states that it is possible for someone to change their character traits for the worse and that someone who is known for being honest can learn to become deceitful. In addition, someone who is deceitful can learn to become honest. Often times we look for honesty, drive, goal oriented, competent and intelligent people to become our leaders. Between 1940 and into the late 1990s, researchers (e.g., Dulewicz Higg s, 2003; Partington, 2003) categorized approaches to leadership theory improvements into several schools, according to time order. Trait school, behavioral school, contingency school, and visionary school were considered the four major trait schools. The trait school leadership theories were largely popular in the 1940s. Stogdill (1974) referred to the Great Man Theory, which stated that leaders are different from followers due to common leader traits. Additionally, Turner (1999) supported Stogdills (1974) claim about leaders being different from followers by explaining that leaders are born into being great leaders and not made into great leaders. Hogan (1991) explained that traits refer to repetitive patterns in a persons behavior and the trait approach attempts to explain peoples behavioral trends in terms of certain strengths of traits that they retain. Stogdill (1974) also stated that leaders traits are shown through hardwork, friendliness, conscientiousness, and willingness to take on responsibility rather than personality, ambition and physical makeup such as height. Turners (1999) research supports Stogdill (1974) by showing that effective managers have traits such as energy and drive, self-confidence, and highly effectiv e communication skills. The behavioral approach to leadership was well studied between the 1940s and 1960s. During this time period, researchers from the University of Michigan and The Ohio State University posited that leaders behaviors can be explained within two independent factors called consideration and initiating structure (Fleishman, 1973; Halpin Winer, 1957). According to the Ohio State researchers, the term consideration applies to the degree in which leaders show support and friendship towards followers, while the phrase initiating structure applies to the manner in which leaders stress the importance of achieving goals and tasks. According to Bower Seashore (1966), the behavioral students conducted by the University of Michigan researchers posited that effective group performance shows a relationship with four dimensions of leadership behaviors: support, interaction facilitation, goal emphasis, and work facilitation. The leader support behaviors shows a relationship with concern for subordinat es, while interaction facilitation shows a relationship with reconciling relational conflicts among group members. Bower and Seashore (1966) explained that in sum, goal emphasis and work facilitation are job-centered dimensions, but leaders support and interaction facilitation are employee-centered dimensions. Recent studies by (e.g., Curphy, 2003; Smither, London, Flautt, Vargas, Kucine, 2003) have claimed that considering certain leadership behaviors are adopted for effective leadership, leadership can be developed. The behavioral school states that, leaders can change their behavior via reflection, organizational development systems, and 360-degree feedback amongst others (McCauley, Ruderman, Ohlott, Morrow, 1994). According to Bass (1985), these two categories are points on a continuum of leadership behavior. Athletic directors are going to fall into one of the two leadership categories. Bass (1998) described transformational leadership as behavior that transcends the need for rewards and appeals to the followers higher order needs, inspiring them to act in the best interest of the organization rather than their own self-interest. Thus, leaders must possess high ethical and moral standards in order to provide the highest reward to the organization. One might infer that even the most ethically and morally charged athletic director cannot possibly provide the highest rewards each and every year to the organization that he/she represents. However, ethics and morals are two very important characteristics in an individual when determining the type of leader one might become. Leadership styles are known to change, and thus a transformational leader could dip into the realm of transactional leadership and vice versa. Generally, personality and character traits can provide us with the determination as to whether or not you are a transformational or transactional leader. According to Bass (1998) transformational leadership is universally applicable. He proposed that regardless of culture, transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or organization. Followers become motivated to expend greater effort than would usually be expected. If an AD exemplified Basss transformational leadership model, coaches in the school would offer up all that they have to support the athletic director and school that they work for. For example, the athletic director buys-in to the complete offerings of his/her current employer as we continue to transform the area of athletics. According to Sugarman (1999), excellence in leadership is acquired by people who have a strong sense of vision, have passion and are able to get people to commit 100% and take the necessary action to see that vision becomes a reality. Great leaders excel in the art of communication and motivation, mutual respect, instilling confidence and enthusiasm, and showing credibility and integrity on a consistent basis. Various high school athletic directors and coaches all across the United States create programs teaching their student athletes leadership styles and how they can be applied. One popular program that was used to establish athletic leadership for Wheeler High Schools football team in Valparaiso, Indiana is based off the acronym for L.E.A.D.E.R.S.H.I.P. Coach Snodgrass of Wheeler High School utilized the L.E.A.D.E.R.S.H.I.P. program that he learned while attending the Indiana Football Coaches Association Annual Clinic in 2003. According to Snodgrass (2004), the acronym is as foll ows: Influence, Integrity, Communication, Attitude, Courage, Sacrifice, Goals, Servant-Hood, Vision, and Perseverance. Each one of these terms forms a strong resilient leadership program for any athletic program. The athletic director must decide how important it is for him or her to provide this type of leadership program to his or her student athletes, school administration, and school community. With the proper education comes an ability to manage, facilitate, and guide. A true leader, however, does not simply read books or study what leadership should be. Rather, a true leader is someone who shows transformational or transactional traits naturally. Providing a program like the one that Wheeling High School provided for its football players shows that the leadership is transformational at this school. Giving the students an opportunity to understand what leadership is all about and how leadership is applied in everyday life allowed those football players at Wheeling High School i n Valparaiso, IN to become stronger individuals in the classroom, community, and field. The football coach for this team showed his athletic director a true meaning of transformational leadership. Bolman and Deal (2003) stated that leadership is universally offered as a panacea for almost any social problem (p. 336). Within the athletic arena, leadership is a term used to describe any event which coaches, staff members, administrators, and ADs go above and beyond their normal work day. Bolman and Deal (2003) noted further that if leaders lose their legitimacy then they lose the capacity to lead. For example, a high school athletic director has authority but not necessarily leadership. Additionally, a leader is also not necessarily a manager. Many managers do not know how to lead. Bennis and Nanus (1985) asserted that managers do things right, and leaders do the right thing. It is very important for high school athletic directors to understand the distinction between the terms leader and manager because high school athletic directors will not produce a successful leadership style if they cannot distinguish differences in leading and managing. Leadership and management can be situational. According to Hersey and Blanchard (2001) the situational leadership model combines task and people into a two-by-two chart, which shows four possible leadership styles: telling, selling, participating, and delegating. Bolman and Deal (2003) stated this model distinguishes four levels of subordinate readiness and argues that the appropriate leadership style depends on the situation. The four styles are as follows: Leadership through participation involves having a high relationship with ones subordinates with low tasks involved. This style is used when followers are able but unwilling or insecure to accomplish the task at hand. According to Sugarmann (1999), Vince Lombardi says, Leaders are made, they are not born; and they are made just like anything else has ever been made in this country by hard work. Additionally, Sugarmann (1999) stated that leading by example is paramount to becoming known as a great leader. Leadership through selling is exemplified when there is a high relationship value with followers and the tasks level is high. This style is used when followers are unable, but willing or motivated to accomplish the tasks at hand. The third style is leadership through delegation, and this is used with there is minimal relationship with followers and a low task requirement. The style is used when followers are able and willing or motivated to accomplish the tasks at hand. The four possible leadership styles explained by Hersey and Blanchards (2001) situational leadership model are significant in the maturation process of a high school athletic director. Each one of these leadership styles could be used during varying circumstances within the athletic directors position. Hersey and Blanchards (2001) situational leadership concept provides supporting information that in order to become an effective leader one must consider all four styles within the situational leadership model. Situational Leadership Situational leadership is another theory that focuses on the development of the follower and styles of each leader being exhibited. Hersey and Blanchard (2001) stated that there are four leadership styles (S1 to S4) that match the development levels (D1 to D4) of the followers. The four styles suggest that leaders should put greater or less focus on the task in question and/or the relationship between the leader and the follower, depending on the development level of the follower. The four leadership styles are named, S1 telling and directing, S2 selling and coaching, S3 participating and supporting and S4 delegating and observing. Hersey and Blanchard (2001) situational theory is broken down as follows: S1: Telling / Directing Follower: R1: Low competence, low commitment / Unable and unwilling or insecure Leader: High task focus, low relationship focus When the follower cannot do the job and is unwilling or afraid to try, then the leader takes a highly directive role, telling them what to do but without a great deal of concern for the relationship. The leader may also provide a working structure, both for the job and in terms of how the person is controlled. The leader may first find out why the person is not motivated and if there are any limitations in ability. These two factors may be linked, for example where a person believes they are less capable than they should be may be in some form of denial or other coping. They follower may also lack self-confidence as a result. If the leader focused more on the relationship, the follower may become confused about what must be done and what is optional. The leader thus maintains a clear do this position to ensure all required actions are clear. S2: Selling / Coaching Follower: R2: Some competence, variable commitment / Unable but willing or motivated Leader: High task focus, high relationship focus When the follower can do the job, at least to some extent, and perhaps is over-confident about their ability in this, then telling them what to do may demotivate them or lead to resistance. The leader thus needs to sell another way of working, explaining and clarifying decisions. The leader thus spends time listening and advising and, where appropriate, helping the follower to gain necessary skills through coaching methods. Note: S1 and S2 are leader-driven. S3: Participating / Supporting Follower: R3: High competence, variable commitment / Able but unwilling or insecure Leader: Low task focus, high relationship focus When the follower can do the job, but is refusing to do it or otherwise showing insufficient commitment, the leader need not worry about showing them what to do, and instead is concerned with finding out why the person is refusing and thence persuading them to cooperate. There is less excuse here for followers to be reticent about their ability, and the key is very much around motivation. If the causes are found then they can be addressed by the leader. The leader thus spends time listening, praising and otherwise making the follower feel good when they show the necessary commitment. S4: Delegating / Observing Follower: R4: High competence, high commitment / Able and willing or motivated Leader: Low task focus, low relationship focus When the follower can do the job and is motivated to do it, then the leader can basically leave them to it, largely trusting them to get on with the job although they also may need to keep a relatively distant eye on things to ensure everything is going to plan. Followers at this level have less need for support or frequent praise, although as with anyone, occasional recognition is always welcome. Note: S3 and S4 are follower-led (p. 259-261). Roles and Responsibilities The focus on the athletic director as an employee, leader, and representative of interscholastic athletics is needed to understand the gravity of where athletic directors come from and who they have become today. Todays athletic directors have many difficult tasks. It is their job to ensure that interscholastic athletics perform at a very high level. In addition, it is imperative that athletic directors maintain the integrity of the student-athlete. Davis (2002) states that previously, leadership ability was assumed because of athletic success. Today, those in athletic director positions are getting more training and education in administrative leadership. The training and education allow the athletic director to begin providing leadership at the beginning of his/her job. Thus, the success of the interscholastic athletic program hinges on the type of leadership training and education received by the athletic director. Athletic directors job descriptions will continue to evolve as the requirements to managing a successful program evolve. One sample written job description of an athletic director for a small private school in Florida shows that their athletic director will perform the following duties: direct the athletic program, assure that the school complies with all policies and procedures of the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA), supervise the scheduling of all athletic contests, identify and recommend the hiring and firing of coaches for each sport, ensure that all school policies and procedures are followed by the entire coaching staff (including, assistant coaches), in addition to many other duties as assigned by the headmaster of the school. After reviewing this job description one could see how little time there might be for an athletic director to provide direct leadership. With all of the tasks listed within the job description the athletic director must provide leadershi p more via example, rather than through direct communication with his/her student-athletes and coaching staff. Doing nothing more than following the specific tasks list of the job description above would associate the athletic director with transactional rather than transformational leadership. Simply following the task list of the job description would essentially provide the student-athletes with a basic and universal athletic program. The athletic director would also be performing his or her job duties for the sake of getting the most basic job done. This shows the community that the interest level of providing leadership on a much higher level to the community, student-athletes, and administration is obsolete. Most people are able to complete the tasks that are provided for them by a school administration. What exactly does this do for the advancement and recognition of the efforts put forth by the student-athletes, as well as teaching the student-athletes and coaches the value of having strong ethics and morals? The next sample job description is from a public school in Virginia: Athletic Director Requirements and Responsibilities are to work with administration and the assistant athletic director to create and maintain a comprehensive program for student activities that emphasizes positive public relations, coaching performance, and student recognition, utilize a computerized software program for scheduling, prepares and distributes schedules for athletic and academic competitions, including contracts where required, supervise the preparation and distribution of eligibility lists, ensure that all students participating in athletic or academic competition are eligible, and have a Virginia High School License (VHSL) physical form and Stonewall Jackson High Schools Handbook (SJHS) sign off on file, oversee the athletic/academic activities budget, approve all athletic expenditures, follow school procedures for ordering, and determine allocations for athletic/academic program with the principal, obtain officials, ticket takers, clock operators, announcers, etc. f or all home events, work with the transportation department to arrange transportation for away events and practices where necessary, attend district, regional, and state VHSL meetings, ensure that annual equipment and uniform inventories are conducted by head coaches, and assist head coaches in updating equipment/uniforms, assist principal in selection of coaching staff, complete evaluation form for each head coach with an endorsement by the principal at the end of the season, ensure that head coaches submit required documentation in a timely fashion at the end of each season, including evaluation form for assistant coaches, inventories, end of season reports, etc, work with the Booster Club in coordinating their activities, including presenting requests for funding for all programs to the Booster Club, submit news releases on awards, etc. to local media, supervise the maintenance of the Sports Zone web page and ensure that it is up-to-date at all times, inform local media, official s, coaches, bus drivers and administrators immediately upon cancellation of an event and rescheduled dates as soon as available; post cancellations/rescheduled games on web site, prepare money for ticket takers, water for officials, scoreboard, PA system, etc. for home events, supervise events in conjunction with the building administrators, serve as a liaison between school clubs, departments and administration for scheduling events which do not conflict with VHSL athletic and academic events, work with custodial staff for proper maintenance of facilities and equipment. When comparing the two job descriptions above, one can see how important the athletic director position is to interscholastic athletics. Each athletic director shares many of the same responsibilities regardless of the population within the school with which they are employed. As an employee, the Athletic Director is the second most important position next to the schools Principal. High school athletic directors are vital to ensuring that the climate of the school which they direct will stay positive and energized. The athletic director as a leader is an integral part of the school system. Each year, the job description of athletic directors becomes more complex. Recently, responsibilities added to the athletic directors job description are (a) purchasing and distribution of equipment, supplies, and uniforms, (b) planning and scheduling for the use of facilities, (c) public relations, (d) fund-raising, (e) legal and medical protection for coaches and student-athletes, (f) compliance with national and state policies and procedures, (g) administration of events, (h) completion of the goals and objectives of the school, and (i) implementation and management of media events (Smith, 1993). These responsibilities make it highly unlikely that just one individual can effectively manage a successful interscholastic athletic program, especially at a large school with a c omprehensive athletic program. ADs must be willing to put the time and effort into getting the job done. According to Barnhill, (1998) in order to do so, a high school athletic director must call on his/her support staff, such as coaches and other administrators at the school. Additionally, Barnhill (1998) stated the high school athletic director must be a leader with the ability to delegate and manage delegated tasks. If the athletic director fails at delegating and managing the tasks necessary to lead a successful athletic program, his/her coaches will begin to lose faith in the athletic directors ability to lead. The many responsibilities that an athletic director assumes when taking a position within administration are largely dictated by the athletic directors fellow administrators. The athletic directors position is supported by many other administrators such as the director of development, dean of students, director of advising, director of admissions, and director of college recruitment to name a few. The director of development will help the athletic director with fundraising for athletics, the dean of students assists the athletic director with student-athlete disciplinary issues, the director of admissions assists the athletic director in qualifying the students for eligibility, and the director of college recruitment assists the athletic director in qualifying student athletes for colle ge recruitment. With all of these administrators working together the leadership within the school is strong and successful. The athletic directors ability to recruit co-workers to assist in leading the department of athletics as well as the institution itself would classify him/her as a transformational leader. As stated earlier according to, Bass (1997) transformational leadership is universally applicable. He proposed that regardless of culture, transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or organization. In order for this to occur the transformational leader must possess certain characteristics to inspire followers. According to Parks and Quarterman (2003) stated, those characteristics include: trusting his or her subordinates, meaning that a good leader will make use of employees energy and talent. The key to productive relationship is mutual trust. Secondly, develop a vision for employees to follow a visionary leader. They want to know what they are working for. Thirdly, keeping his or her cool, explains that leaders demonstrate their met tle in crisis under fire. They inspire others to remain calm and to act intelligently. Fourth, they are experts at what they do, informing us that employees are much more likely to follow a leader that radiates confidence, is intuitive, and continues to master the profession. Fifth, they invite dissent, meaning a leader is willing to accept a variety of opinions and integrate them. Sixth, they simplify the position, so that leaders can focus on what is important and reach elegant, simple answers to complex problems by keeping the details to themselves. Lastly, they encourage risk. Risk encourages employees to take chances and readily accept error (p. 179-180). One who exudes all of these characteristics is often seen as a leader in sport that is few and far between. While it is important that any leader become an effective manager, being an effective manager and an effective leader are two different matters. According to Hersey and Blanchard (2001) the definition of management is the process of working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals (p. 9). In addition, they defined leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in effort toward goal achievement in a given situation (p. 78). Some theorists suggest that both management and leadership are necessary to those who seek professional management in high school athletics and other sport careers. Parks and Quarterman (2003) stated that many athletic directors find themselves involved with management as a process approach. This approach sees managers using interactive activities such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting in order to accomplish the goals and objectives of the organ ization or institution. Conversely, the remaining athletic directors consider themselves as a leader in some capacity. As previously noted, two possible leadership styles of high school athletic directors nationwide are transformational and transactional. According to Bass (1985), transactional leaders are engulfed in the way of thinking that compliance is the key. The coach will get rewarded if he/she follows directions and orders. Additionally, Bass (1985) identified two factors as composing transactional leadership. Leaders can transact with followers by rewarding effort contractually, telling them what to do to gain rewards, punishing undesired action, and giving extra feedback and promotions for good work. Such transactions are referred to as contingent reward (CR) leadership. Field and Herold (1997) described transactional leadership as a reward-driven behavior, where the follower behaves in such a manner as to elicit rewards or support from the leader. If a high school athlet ic director is primarily transactional in style, coaches who work for that high school athletic director will only pursue the notion of success if they know ahead of time that there is a reward for achieving that success. In some instances, a primarily transactional leadership style may actually derive from the athletic directors own quest for external, tangible rewards. So, the question arises with many transactional leaders as to why they are involved with coaching or administration if all they are looking for is an end reward? Some administrators in athletics have not had relevant sports management training and likely have developed expertise in other areas, such as business, physical education, or simply general education. A high school athletic director with a traditional business background might be brought in by the administration simply to raise funds for the athletic program, manage the program, and direct the program much like one would manage a corporate operation. Likewi se, a high school athletic director who is brought in with a physical education background is traditionally done so because of his or her success with coaching the student-athlete and having the ability to get through to the student-athlete as needed to provide a successful interscholastic program. The umbrella that encompasses this can be very lucrative for the school if done correctly. In other words, an athletic director who has a physical education background starts out building r